Difference between revisions of "Community of Christ"

Latest revision as of 10:29, 11 March 2024

The Reorganized (RLDS) Church was renamed Community of Christ. It was known as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS) from 1872 to 2001, when it was renamed. Community of Christ has approximately 250,000 members in 60 nations. Although Community of Christ was originally a spin-off of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, sometimes erroneously called the Mormon Church, its doctrines have moved toward those of mainstream Protestant religions.

The center of the church is in Independence, Missouri. Recently, with the economic problems besetting the United States, and to a lesser extent, the world, the church has edged to the brink of insolvency. The church focuses on "evangelism, peace and justice ministries, spirituality and wholeness, youth ministries and outreach ministries. Church teachings emphasize that 'all are called' as 'persons of worth' to 'share the peace of Christ' (Wikipedia.org).

The Community of Christ is led by a First Presidency, consisting of a President and two counselors. The President is regarded as a prophet. The church's ministry is overseen by a Council of Twelve Apostles and the temporal needs of the church are overseen by the Presiding Bishopric. Meeting together, these three quorums are known as the World Church Leadership Council.

Other key leadership positions include Presiding Evangelist, Senior President of the Seven Presidents of Seventy, and President of the High Priests Quorum. Every three years (formerly two, until a change made in 2007), delegates from around the world meet together with these leaders to vote on church business in World Conference (Wikipedia).

The church traces its roots back to Joseph Smith, Jr. through Joseph's son, Joseph Smith III. Upon the martyrdom of Joseph Smith, most Latter-day Saints migrated west from Nauvoo, Illinois. Emma Smith, Joseph's wife, stayed behind and remarried. Although Joseph had conferred all the keys of the priesthood upon his twelve apostles before he died, some felt that the prophetic line should descend through Joseph's sons. These few approached Joseph Smith III to urge him to declare himself a prophet and lead a church. Since 1844 the doctrines and practices of Community of Christ have evolved separately from the other denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. Since the 1960s the church’s proselytizing with other world cultures in countries outside North America forced a reassessment and gradual evolution of denominational practices and beliefs. Some changes included the ordination of women to priesthood, open communion, and changing the church's commonly used name from Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints to the current name in April 2001.

The church owns one temple in Independence, which also serves as the central offices of the church. Unlike the temples of the Church of Jesus Christ, in which sacred ordinances take place, the Community of Christ temple is open to the public and are used for classes and gatherings. Community of Christ owned the Kirtland Temple until March 5, 2024.[1]

One of the things the church has held on to in common with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the belief in an open body of scripture. The church uses the Book of Mormon, and its own version of the Doctrine and Covenants. Scripture references provided for congregational worship generally follow the Revised Common Lectionary. Its philosophy that "Jesus Christ is the Word made flesh, both fully human and fully divine," and that the Holy Spirit the "continuing presence of God in the world" and the source of divine inspiration, show that the church is leaning toward the common Protestant notion of trinitarianism. Latter-day Saints believe that God the Father, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost are three distinct beings, but one in purpose.

The denomination does not expect strict doctrinal adherence on such matters of belief. This differs from the Church of Jesus Christ. Members of the Church of Jesus Christ (17 million worldwide) are all at different levels of understanding and commitment to the gospel of Jesus Christ. However, since doctrine is revealed through the scriptures and prophets of God, there's no debate on doctrine. The Community of Christ practices eight sacraments; baptism, confirmation, Blessing of Children, The Lord's Supper, marriage, Administration to the Sick, ordination, and "Evangelist's Blessing". "Laying on of hands" is used in confirmation, ordination, blessing of children, administration, and Evangelist's blessing.

Over the years, Community of Christ has slid in its philosophies and loosened its doctrines. Community of Christ Scripture and Theology Specialist, Dr. Anthony Chvala-Smith, in 1992 wrote "there can be no 'perennial theology, only a theology of wayfarers'" (Saints Herald, December 1992). Outsider critics have commented that "The important source for theological truth is not God's word, but rather that subjective, existential experience," and speculated that this development may be a result of the church's struggle over its roots, as well as a "tendency to reflect the latest social trends.

The church has also had some problems with succession of leadership. Originally, the prophet was to be a descendant of Joseph Smith and to serve until death. "The church has been criticized for various changes in policy and leadership. In 1978 W. Wallace Smith became the first church president to retire rather than serve until death, becoming President Emeritus, similar to the circumstances facing his son Wallace B. Smith two decades later. President W. Grant McMurray, however, resigned as church president due to health, "family issues" and "inappropriate choices" in his personal life. McMurray also did not name a successor, marking the second time the succession decision had been left to the leadership of the denomination, the first being at the death of Frederick M. Smith and the selection of Israel A. Smith. Additionally, although he had been designated as successor by the previous prophet-president, McMurray's church leadership was questioned due to the fact that he was the first church president who was not a direct descendant of Joseph Smith, Jr., which was considered a distinguishing trait from other denominations of the LDS movement" (Wikipedia.org).

A revelation presented by Wallace B. Smith in 1984 that resulted in some "disaffection" and "led to intense conflict in scattered areas of the RLDS Church" is contained in the Community of Christ's Doctrine and Covenants, Section 156, which called for construction of the Independence Temple and the ordination of women to the priesthood, among other changes. (See Wikipedia, "Restoration Branches".)

The church also came under scrutiny when McMurray allowed the priesthood ordination of practicing homosexuals, something which he acknowledged was already occurring. The church would later renounce this practice, prohibiting the ordination of sexually active gays and lesbians. However, the church allows those who were ordained against policy to continue in priesthood office.

Community of Christ is led by President Stephen M. Veazey, who was ordained in June 2005, and is not a descendant of Joseph Smith. He will retire at the church’s 2025 World Conference, at which time the membership will approve the call of Stassi Cramm.[2]

At the time of the official transfer of "ownership for the Kirtland Temple, several historic buildings in Nauvoo, and various manuscripts and artifacts from Community of Christ to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in March 2024, a joint news release said "Community of Christ is an international faith community dedicated to fostering authentic connections with one another and with God. It strives to restore Christ’s peace on Earth and challenge unjust systems that diminish human worth. Community of Christ affirms the intrinsic worth of every person and provides a place to belong, be loved and valued, grow spiritually, and discover a purpose that can change lives and communities."[3]