Difference between revisions of "Mormon Women"

Revision as of 23:34, 7 April 2007

Categoría: Las mujeres en el MormonismoCategoría: Tópicos Controvertidos^?? ==Las mujeres Mormonas son oprimidas por el "Sacerdocio" Mormón?

A pesar de que las mujeres no son ordenadas al sacerdocio, ellas se sientan regularmente en las reuniones de consejo con líderes del sacerdocio para proporcionar insight y consejo en cualquier nivel de liderazgo de la Iglesia, desde los consejos familiares hasta los más altos niveles de la organización de la Iglesia. A pesar de que solamente los hombres adultos dignos puedem tener (?) la autoridad del sacerdocio, en la Iglesia Mormona los jóvenes, los niños y las mujeres pueden igualmente disfrutar de todas las bendiciones asociadas al sacerdocio.

El sacerdocio no les confiere a los hombres el "permiso divino" de controlar o comandar las mujeres. En el hogar, existe un sistema patriarcal, en el cual hombres y mujeres son partes iguales, socios. El Profeta Gordon B. Hinckley afirma: "En esta Iglesia el hombre no camina adelante de su esposa, ni atrás de ella, sino a su lado. Ellos son iguales en esta vida, llevando a cabo una gran empresa".(Mormons.org Porqué las mujeres Mormonas no reciben el sacerdocio?)

El tratamiento opresivo de las mujeres es condenado por los líderes de la Iglesia Mormona. El Presidente Spencer W. Kimball dijo: “Hemos escuchado acerca de hombres que les dicen a sus esposas: 'yo tengo el sacerdocio y tú tienes que hacer lo que yo digo´. Él rechazó decisivamente ese abuso de la autoridad del sacerdocio en el casamiento, declarando que esos hombres no deverían ser honrados en este sacerdocio". También dijo: "Cuando hablamos de casamiento como de una sociedad, permítasenos hablar, también, del casamiento como de una sociedad completa. No queremos que nuestras mujeres SUD sean compañeras, socias silenciosas o limitadas, en esa designación eterna! Por favor, sean compañeras, socias que contribuyen y compañeras, socias completas". (Las enseñanzas de Spencer W. Kimball, ed. Edward L. Kimball [1982], 315, 316).

La Iglesia Mormona en sí, está organizada de manera diferente que una familia. Aquélla posee una estructura hierárquica según revelada por el cabeza da la Iglesia, que es el Señor Jesucristo. La Primera Presidencia y el Quórum de los Doce Apóstoles constituyen los líderes presidentes de la Iglesia, com muchos otros hombres, líderes del Sacerdocio, bajo su dirección y muchas líderes mujeres designadas para importantes responsabilidades de liderazgo en el servico y enseñanza. Las mujeres no desempeñan oficios en el Sacerdocio, pero esto sucede porque Dios tiene otro trabajo igualmente importante, para que ellas realicen.

Dentro de la hierarquia de la autoridad del sacerdocio, a aquéllos que recibieron esta ordenación, se los advierte a no ejercer su autoridad a través de medios coercivos, dado que si ellos se valen de coerción, entonces "Amén para el sacerdocio o la autoridad de ese hombre"(Doctrina y Convenios | Sección 121:37)

Dijo Joseph F. Smith: "No hay ningún hombre que tenga una posición de autoridad en la Iglesia que pueda realizar su deber como debería, en cualquier otro espíritu que no sea el de paternidad y de hermandad sobre aquéllos sobre los cuales preside. Aquéllos que tienen autoridad no deberían ser gobernantes ni dictadores; no deberían ser arbitrarios; deberían ganar los corazones, la confianza y el amor de aquéllos sobre los cuales presiden, a través de la amistad y del amor no fingidos, por la gentileza de espíritu, a través de la persuasión y de un ejemplo irreprochable y más allá del alcance de la crítica injusta. De esta manera, en la benevolencia de sus corazones, en su amor por su gente, los lideran en el camino de la rectitud y les enseñan el camino de la salvación, diciéndoles tanto por precepto como por ejemplo: "Sígueme, así como yo sigo nuetro cabeza". (Enseñanzas de los presidentes de la Iglesia: Joseph F. Smith, Capítulo 16: Sacerdocio, el Divino Gobierno, De la Vida de Joseph F. Smith, página 137)

A pesar de que las mujeres no ejercen los más altos oficios en la Iglesia Mormona, ellas han votado lado a lado con respecto a todas las cuestiones sometidas a los miembros de la Iglesia como un todo, desde su organización en 1830. Ellas sirven, oficialmente, en la Iglesia, como profesoras, misioneras, bibliotecarias de capillas, directoras de música, oficiantes de templos y como presidentes de comités de actividades entre otras posiciones de liderazgo en la Primaria, Mujeres Jóvenes y la Sociedad de Socorro, en todos los niveles de liderazgo de la Iglesia. Las mujeres Mormonas conducen reuniones, planean y organizan eventos en la Iglesia y participan de servicios de la Iglesia en cooperación con y bajo el liderazgo del sacerdocio, tal como lo hacen los hombres Mormones.

Por qué las mujeres Mormonas no reciben el Sacerdocio?

Los Mormones creen que hay diferencias fundamentales, divinas, entre los hombre y las mujeres y que las mujeres no necesitan de la ordenación al sacerdocio para llevar a cabo sus responsabilidades en la Iglesia o en sus familias. Hombres y mujeres tienen diferentes papeles, a pesar de igualmente importantes, tanto en la familia como en el liderazgo de la Iglesia:

Todos los seres humanos, hombres o mujeres, son creados a imagen de Dios. Cada uno de ellos es un espíritu amado, hijo o hija de padres celestiales y, como tales, cada uno de ellos tiene una naturaleza y destino divinos. El género es una característica esencial de la identidad y del propósito premortales, mortales y eternos...

La familia es ordenada por Dios. El casamiento entre el hombre y la mujer es esencial para SU plano eterno...Por designio divino, los hombres deben presidir sobre sus familias, en amor y rectitud y son responsables de proveer las necesidades vitales y de protección de sus familias. Las madres son las principales responsables de la criación de sujs hijos. Padres y madres están obligados a ajudarse uno al otro, como compañeros, como socios igualitarios. ("La Familia: Una Proclamación al Mundo")

Mormons believe the priesthood provides men divine assistance that can help them perform their God-given duties as fathers. Women's God-given family responsiblities are equally as essential as male roles, but do not require priesthood authority to perform. Both men and women will someday be held accountable for their family obligations and stewardships.

Mormon Apostle Dallin H. Oaks said this about the matter:

President [Joseph Fielding] Smith explained: "While the sisters have not been given the Priesthood, … that does not mean that the Lord has not given unto them authority. Authority and Priesthood are two different things. A person may have authority given to him, or a sister to her, to do certain things in the Church that are binding and absolutely necessary for our salvation, such as the work that our sisters do in the House of the Lord" (Relief Society Magazine, Jan. 1959, p. 4).

President Smith's teaching on authority explains what the Prophet Joseph Smith meant when he said that he organized the Relief Society "under the priesthood after the pattern of the priesthood." The authority to be exercised by the officers and teachers of the Relief Society, as with the other auxiliary organizations, was the authority that would flow to them through their organizational connection with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and through their individual setting apart under the hands of the priesthood leaders by whom they were called ("The Relief Society and the Church," Ensign, May 1992, 34).

Do Mormons believe in equality of the sexes?

Mormons believe in full equality between men and women, but they also believe that men and women have different roles because of gender.

In Mormonism Latter-day Saint women celebrate their differences from men, believing that the union of a man and woman is divinely appointed. Sheri L. Dew, a member and former leader of the Relief Society (a Church organization for women) stated, "He made us enough alike to love each other, but enough different that we would need to unite our strengths and stewardships to create a whole. Neither man nor woman is perfect or complete without the other" ("It Is Not Good for Man or Woman to Be Alone," Ensign, Nov. 2001, 12).

Elder Neal A Maxwell, a prominent Church leader from 1974 up to his death in 2004, added this view concerning husbands and wives:

"When we kneel to pray, we kneel together. When we kneel at the altar of the holy temple [to be married], we kneel together. When we approach the final gate where Jesus Himself is the gatekeeper, we will, if faithful, pass through that gate together" ("The Women of God," Ensign, May 1978, 10).

While men and women are equal partners in marriage, the Mormon church recognizes that men and women are different, too:

"We cannot eliminate, through any pattern of legislation or regulation, the differences between men and women. There are basic things that a man needs that a woman does not need. There are things that a man feels that a woman never does feel. There are basic things that a woman needs that a man never needs, and there are things that a woman feels that a man never feels nor should he." (Boyd K. Packer, "The Equal Rights Amendment", Ensign, March 1977, page 6)

Mormon women are not subservient to Mormon men:

“The place of woman in the Church is to walk beside the man, not in front of him nor behind him. In the Church there is full equality between man and woman. The gospel … was devised by the Lord for men and women alike. Every person on earth, man or woman, earned the right in the pre-existent life to come here; and must earn the right, by righteous actions, to live hereafter where ‘God and Christ dwell.’ ... The privileges and requirements of the gospel are fundamentally alike for men and women. The Lord loves His daughters as well as He loves His sons. ... This makes individuals of man and woman—individuals with the right of free agency, with the power of individual decision, with individual opportunity for everlasting joy, whose own actions throughout the eternities, with the loving aid of the Father, will determine individual achievement. There can be no question in the Church of man’s rights versus woman’s rights” (Improvement Era, Mar. 1942, p. 161).

Mormon women are expected to exercise their divine right to achieve the highest temple ordinances:

“Never in history have women enjoyed the freedom of thought and action accorded the women of this Church. From the day of its restoration women have been accorded their full religious franchise, and in the temples of the restored Gospel a man may not partake of the highest ordinances without his wife by his side. In all life pursuits she is given her entire independence. This gives to woman a mighty responsibility which, if she honors and uses, will be increased in power upon her; but if she ignores it or treats it lightly or fails to magnify it, she may lose that which she now possesses and thereby forfeit her birthright. For this great privilege women of this Church should be eternally grateful and willing to use and cherish this precious and priceless relationship. Where much is given, much is expected” (Leah D. Widtsoe, Priesthood and Womanhood, as quoted in Priesthood and Church Government, comp. John A. Widtsoe, pp. 90–91).

Divine Role of Women

Elder Maxwell continues explaining women's roles in the Church and in they eyes of God by citing some of the notable women of the Bible: "When we would measure loving loyalty in a human relationship, do we not speak of Ruth and Naomi even more than David and Jonathan? . . . A widow with her mite taught us how to tithe. An impoverished and starving widow with her hungry son taught us how to share, as she gave her meal and oil to Elijah. The divine maternal instincts of an Egyptian woman retrieved Moses from the bullrushes, thereby shaping history and demonstrating how a baby is a blessing—not a burden. . . . Does it not tell us much about the intrinsic intelligence of women to read of the crucifixion scene at Calvary, "And many women were there beholding afar off." (Matt. 27:55.) Their presence was a prayer; their lingering was like a litany. And who came first to the empty tomb of the risen Christ? Two women. Who was the first mortal to see the resurrected Savior? Mary of Magdala. Special spiritual sensitivity keeps the women of God hoping long after many others have ceased" ("The Women of God," Ensign, May 1978, 10).

Mormon women are enncouraged to develop their femininity, though they define the word differently than the world does. James E. Faust, a counselor in the First Presidency, the leading council of the Church, in speaking to the women of the Church defined femininity as follows: "Femininity is not just lipstick, stylish hairdos, and trendy clothes. It is the divine adornment of humanity. It finds expression in your qualities of your capacity to love, your spirituality, delicacy, radiance, sensitivity, creativity, charm, graciousness, gentleness, dignity, and quiet strength. It is manifest differently in each girl or woman , but each of [them] possesses it. Femininity is part of your inner beauty" ("Womanhood: The Highest Place of Honor," Ensign, May 2000, 95).

The women in the LDS Church are wives, daughters, sisters, aunts, and friends of faith and virtue. They, alongside the men of the Church, carry forward the Gospel and lead through divine inspiration. They provide comfort and support to their husbands and nurture their families in love and faith.

Can Mormon women pursue an education?

As beings with divine destiny, the Mormon church strongly encourages its women to educate themselves. Mormon women have been encouraged to improve themselves through education since the 1800s.

Brigham Young said about educating women: "I would not have them neglect to learn music and would encourage them to read history and the Scriptures, to take up a newspaper, geography, and other publications, and make themselves acquainted with the manners and customs of distant kingdoms and nations, with their laws, religion, geographical location on the face of the world, their climate, national productions, the extent of their commerce, and the nature of their political organization; in fine, let our boys and girls be thoroughly instructed in every useful branch of physical and mental education" (Journal of Discourses, 9:189).

Encouragement for Mormon women to educate themselves continues today: "Every young woman ought to be encouraged to refine her skills and increase her abilities, to broaden her knowledge and strengthen her capacity." (Gordon B. Hinckley)

“Some are inclined toward formal university training, and some are inclined more toward the practical vocational training. We feel that our people should receive that kind of training which is most consistent with their interests and talents. Whether it be in the professions, the arts, or the vocations; whether it be university or vocational training, we applaud and encourage it” (Spencer W. Kimball "Foundations of Righteousness", Ensign, November 1977, page 4).

“There are impelling reasons for our sisters to plan toward employment. ... We want them to obtain all the education and vocational training possible before marriage. If they become widowed or divorced and need to work, we want them to have dignified and rewarding employment. If a sister does not marry, she has every right to engage in a profession that allows her to magnify her talents and gifts” (Howard W. Hunter, "Prepare for Honorable Employment",Ensign, November 1975, page 124).

“Too great care cannot be taken in educating our young ladies. Great responsibilities will devolve upon them. To their hands will be mainly committed the formation of the moral and intellectual character of the young. Let the women of our country be made intelligent, and their children will certainly be the same. The proper education of a man decides his welfare; but the interests of a whole family are secured by the correct education of a woman” (George Q. Cannon, Gospel Truth, sel. Jerreld L. Newquist [Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1974], 2:138).

Educated Mormon women work as employees for church-owned and operated schools, like Brigham Young University, and also work in a variety of positions at the Church Office Building. They also serve in leadership positions at all levels of Church government.

What do Mormon leaders say about women?

"Woman is God's supreme creation. Only after the earth had been formed, after the day had been separated from the night, after the waters had been divided from the land, after vegetation and animal life had been created, and after man had been placed on the earth, was woman created; and only then was the work pronounced complete and good" ("Our Responsibility to Our Young Women," Ensign, Sept. 1988, 8). This is how Gordon B. Hinckley, the current President of the LDS or Mormon Church, describes the Church's view of women and their divine role.

Said Heber J. Grant, a former President of the Mormon Church from 1918-1945, "The true spirit of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints gives to woman the highest place of honor in human life. To maintain and to merit this high dignity she must possess those virtues which have always, and which will ever, demand the respect and love of mankind … [because] ‘a beautiful and chaste woman is the perfect workmanship of God" (Improvement Era, May 1935, 276).

Mormons believe that "all human beings—male and female—are created in the image of God. Each is a beloved spirit son or daughter of heavenly parents, and, as such, each has a divine nature and destiny. Gender is an essential characteristic of individual premortal, mortal, and eternal identity and purpose" ("The Family: A Proclamation to the World," Ensign, Nov. 1995, 102).

"Of all the creations of the Almighty, there is none more beautiful, none more inspiring than a lovely daughter of God who walks in virtue with an understanding of why she should do so, who honors and respects her body as a thing sacred and divine, who cultivates her mind and constantly enlarges the horizon of her understanding, who nurtures her spirit with everlasting truth" (Gordon B. Hinckley, "Our Responsibility to Our Young Women," Ensign, Sept. 1988, 8).

President Gordon B. Hinckley leads the men of the Church by his example of treatment toward women. His beloved wife of 67 years, Marjorie Paye Hinckley, said to him: “You have always given me wings to fly, and I have loved you for it” (“The Women in Our Lives,” Ensign, Nov. 2004, 82).

Prophet Gordon B. Hinckley states, "In this Church the man neither walks ahead of his wife nor behind his wife but at her side. They are co-equals in this life in a great enterprise." (Mormons.org Why don't Mormon women hold the priesthood?)

See Also

• Relief Society