Book of Mormon geography

Template:Stub The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has never given an official statement identifying a given place in the Americas with any place mentioned in the Book of Mormon. Church leaders have emphasized that the book's primary purpose is not to inform or describe the history of its peoples, but rather to invite the reader to come unto Christ. However, Church leaders have not discouraged members from studying the geography in the Book of Mormon or comparing it to present locations. The ninth Article of Faith states, "We believe ... that [God] will yet reveal many great and important things pertaining to the Kingdom of God." Someday the Lord will reveal the particulars of Book of Mormon geography to His saints.

Theories Regarding Book of Mormon Geography

There are several different theories regarding the geographical location of lands, cities, rivers and other features mentioned in the Book of Mormon. Because the book was completed in the fifth century A.D., it contains no specific reference to modern locations.

One theory is that the Book of Mormon covers all of North and South America, or at least a vast portion of the Americas.

Another theory confines the majority of Book of Mormon events to Mesoamerica.

A third theory confines Book of Mormon events to the northeastern United States.

The internal geography of the book is remarkably consistent, and many Book of Mormon students have produced conjectural maps based on many geographical clues given in the book.

Landmass Changes of 33 A.D.

The Book of Mormon peoples kept the Law of Moses looking forward to the coming of Christ. Prophets reinforced the idea that Christ would be born to a virgin in Bethlehem, that He would heal the sick and teach the gospel, and that He would be rejected and crucified to atone for the sins of mankind. They prophesied that the Lord would show the people miraculous signs to notify them of His birth and death. At the birth of Christ, the peoples in the Americas witnessed two days with no nighttime darkness in between. Upon Christ's crucifixion, there were three days of "thick darkness" after cataclysmic, destructive events, such as earthquakes and storms. The earthquakes were so severe, that cities were sunk into the sea or into the depths of the earth:

And it came to pass in the thirty and fourth year, in the first month, on the fourth day of the month, there arose a great storm, such an one as never had been known in all the land.

And there was also a great and terrible tempest; and there was terrible thunder, insomuch that it did shake the whole earth as if it was about to divide asunder.

And there were exceedingly sharp lightnings, such as never had been known in all the land.

And the city of Zarahemla did take fire.

And the city of Moroni did sink into the depths of the sea, and the inhabitants thereof were drowned.

And the earth was carried up upon the city of Moronihah, that in the place of the city there became a great mountain.

And there was a great and terrible destruction in the land southward.

But behold, there was a more great and terrible destruction in the land northward; for behold, the whole face of the land was changed, because of the tempest and the whirlwinds, and the thunderings and the lightnings, and the exceedingly great quaking of the whole earth;

And the highways were broken up, and the level roads were spoiled, and many smooth places became rough.

And many great and notable cities were sunk, and many were burned, and many were shaken till the buildings thereof had fallen to the earth, and the inhabitants thereof were slain, and the places were left desolate.

And there were some cities which remained; but the damage thereof was exceedingly great, and there were many in them who were slain.

And there were some who were carried away in the whirlwind; and whither they went no man knoweth, save they know that they were carried away.

And thus the face of the whole earth became deformed, because of the tempests, and the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the quaking of the earth.

And behold, the rocks were rent in twain; they were broken up upon the face of the whole earth, insomuch that they were found in broken fragments, and in seams and in cracks, upon all the face of the land (3 Nephi 8:5-18, emphasis added).

These destructions changed the face of the land, making it even more difficult to determine the geography of the Book of Mormon from the present-day configuration of the land. Theories have been developed not only regarding the locations of Book of Mormon peoples, but of the shape of the land before the destruction. (To see a map of one theory, click here.)

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